\documentclass[DIV=12,%
BCOR=10mm,%
headinclude=false,%
footinclude=false,open=any,%
fontsize=11pt,%
twoside,%
paper=210mm:11in]%
{scrbook}
\usepackage[noautomatic]{imakeidx}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{alltt}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\def\hsout{\bgroup \ULdepth=-.55ex \ULset}
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/22410/strikethrough-in-section-title
% Unclear if \protect \hsout is needed. Doesn't looks so
\DeclareRobustCommand{\sout}[1]{\texorpdfstring{\hsout{#1}}{#1}}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
% avoid breakage on multiple
and avoid the next [] to be eaten
\newcommand*{\forcelinebreak}{\strut\\*{}}
\newcommand*{\hairline}{%
\bigskip%
\noindent \hrulefill%
\bigskip%
}
% reverse indentation for biblio and play
\newenvironment*{amusebiblio}{
\leftskip=\parindent
\parindent=-\parindent
\smallskip
\indent
}{\smallskip}
\newenvironment*{amuseplay}{
\leftskip=\parindent
\parindent=-\parindent
\smallskip
\indent
}{\smallskip}
\newcommand*{\Slash}{\slash\hspace{0pt}}
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/3033/forcing-linebreaks-in-url
\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}\usepackage[hyperfootnotes=false,hidelinks,breaklinks=true]{hyperref}
\usepackage{bookmark}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{english}
\setmainfont{LinLibertine_R.otf}[Script=Latin,%
Ligatures=TeX,%
Path=/usr/share/fonts/opentype/linux-libertine/,%
BoldFont=LinLibertine_RB.otf,%
BoldItalicFont=LinLibertine_RBI.otf,%
ItalicFont=LinLibertine_RI.otf]
\setmonofont{cmuntt.ttf}[Script=Latin,%
Ligatures=TeX,%
Scale=MatchLowercase,%
Path=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/cmu/,%
BoldFont=cmuntb.ttf,%
BoldItalicFont=cmuntx.ttf,%
ItalicFont=cmunit.ttf]
\setsansfont{cmunss.ttf}[Script=Latin,%
Ligatures=TeX,%
Scale=MatchLowercase,%
Path=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/cmu/,%
BoldFont=cmunsx.ttf,%
BoldItalicFont=cmunso.ttf,%
ItalicFont=cmunsi.ttf]
\newfontfamily\englishfont{LinLibertine_R.otf}[Script=Latin,%
Ligatures=TeX,%
Path=/usr/share/fonts/opentype/linux-libertine/,%
BoldFont=LinLibertine_RB.otf,%
BoldItalicFont=LinLibertine_RBI.otf,%
ItalicFont=LinLibertine_RI.otf]
\renewcommand*{\partpagestyle}{empty}
% global style
\pagestyle{plain}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
% remove the numbering
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-2}
% remove labels from the captions
\renewcommand*{\captionformat}{}
\renewcommand*{\figureformat}{}
\renewcommand*{\tableformat}{}
\KOMAoption{captions}{belowfigure,nooneline}
\addtokomafont{caption}{\centering}
\deffootnote[3em]{0em}{4em}{\textsuperscript{\thefootnotemark}~}
\addtokomafont{disposition}{\rmfamily}
\addtokomafont{descriptionlabel}{\rmfamily}
\frenchspacing
% avoid vertical glue
\raggedbottom
% this will generate overfull boxes, so we need to set a tolerance
% \pretolerance=1000
% pretolerance is what is accepted for a paragraph without
% hyphenation, so it makes sense to be strict here and let the user
% accept tweak the tolerance instead.
\tolerance=200
% Additional tolerance for bad paragraphs only
\setlength{\emergencystretch}{30pt}
% (try to) forbid widows/orphans
\clubpenalty=10000
\widowpenalty=10000
% given that we said footinclude=false, this should be safe
\setlength{\footskip}{2\baselineskip}
\title{Itō Noe (1895–1923)}
\date{2009}
\author{David G. Nelson}
\subtitle{}
% https://groups.google.com/d/topic/comp.text.tex/6fYmcVMbSbQ/discussion
\hypersetup{%
pdfencoding=auto,
pdftitle={Itō Noe (1895–1923)},%
pdfauthor={David G. Nelson},%
pdfsubject={},%
pdfkeywords={anarchist biography; biography; japanese anarchists; Japan}%
}
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\strut\vskip 2em
\begin{center}
{\usekomafont{title}{\huge Itō Noe (1895–1923)\par}}%
\vskip 1em
\vskip 2em
{\usekomafont{author}{David G. Nelson\par}}%
\vskip 1.5em
\vfill
{\usekomafont{date}{2009\par}}%
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
\cleardoublepage
\tableofcontents
% start a new right-handed page
\cleardoublepage
Born to a family of landed aristocracy on the
southern island of Kyushu, Itō Noe would
be forced into an arranged marriage after
graduating from Ueno Girls High School.
In protest she ran away to Tokyo were she
would become a feminist anarchist seeking to
break with the social conditions of Japan. In
Tokyo she joined the Seitosha (Blue Stocking
Society) and in 1915 became an editor of its
magazine, \emph{Seito} (\emph{Blue Stocking}). This gave
Itō the opportunity to develop her literary,
aesthetic, and political capabilities. Skilled
in several languages, including English, she
translated articles by the anarchist Emma
Goldman.
In 1916 Itō met Ōsugi Sakae, a prominent
anarchist, and abandoned the journal to
assist isugi with his writings and political
activism. As a couple, Itō and Ōsugi believed
in the concepts of free love, which allowed
Ōsugi to conduct an affair with fellow woman
anarchist Ichiko Kamachiko. However, the
concepts of free love soon collided with
human nature as Kamachika stabbed and
severely wounded Ōsugi with a knife in a
fit of jealousy. The mass media used this
incident to attack Itō, Ōsugi, and Kamachika
for their immorality and the anarchist movement in general. Because of this bad publicity,
several prominent members of the anarchist
movement split from Itō and Ōsugi.
In 1919 Itō and Ōsugi, along with fellow
anarchists Wada Kyutaro and Kondo Kenji,
published the first \emph{Rodo Undo} (\emph{Labor Movement}) magazine, seeking to form a coalition
between the anarchist movement and the
industrial working class. In 1921 Itō was also
instrumental in the helping to form Japan’s
first socialist women’s group, Sekirankai (Red
Wave Society). Believing that this couple was
a threat to domestic tran-quility, the Imperial
Police kept them under constant surveillance. In the aftermath of the 1923 Tokyo
earthquake many fires broke out and more
people were killed by these than by the quake.
Soon after, may rumors, perhaps encouraged by the authorities, began to spread that
various “unpopular” anarchist groups were
responsible for starting fires. As a result,
mobs attacked many immigrant Korean and
Chinese workers, and the police began gathering and arresting several political activists,
among them Itō and Ōsugi. They were taken
into custody and were beaten and strangled
in the cells of the secret police. For a long
time, Ōsugi had been number one on a death
list circulated by the secret police, so when a
secret policeman, Amakasu Masahiko, was
later found guilty of the murder, on orders
from Emperor Hirohito, there was little surprise. Amakasu was given a ten-year prison
sentence and was later released by personal
order of Hirohito and assigned to special
duties in Manchuria. In 1945 he committed
suicide before his crimes could be avenged by
the many anarchists after his blood.
British activist Bertrand Russell would
recall, in his autobiography, the first time he
met Itō Noe in Japan in 1921. “She was young
and beautiful \dots{} Dora [Bertrand Russell’s
wife] said to her: ‘Are you not afraid that the
authorities will do something to you?’ She
drew her hand across her throat, and said, ‘I
know they will sooner or later.’”
\section{References and Suggested Readings}
\begin{amusebiblio}
Buckley, S. (1997) Broken Silence: Voices of Japanese
Feminism. Berkeley: University of California
Press.
Ide, F. (2000) Jiyū sorewa watakushi jishin: hyōden
Itō Noe (Liberty is Found Within Myself: A Critical Biography of Itō Noe). Tokyo: Pandora.
Sievers, S. L. (1983) Flowers in Salt: The Beginnings of Feminist Consciousness in Modern Japan.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
\end{amusebiblio}
% begin final page
\clearpage
% if we are on an odd page, add another one, otherwise when imposing
% the page would be odd on an even one.
\ifthispageodd{\strut\thispagestyle{empty}\clearpage}{}
% new page for the colophon
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{center}
The Anarchist Library
\smallskip
Anti-Copyright
\bigskip
\includegraphics[width=0.25\textwidth]{logo-en}
\bigskip
\end{center}
\strut
\vfill
\begin{center}
David G. Nelson
Itō Noe (1895–1923)
2009
\bigskip
\emph{The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest}, Edited by Immanuel Ness. DOI: 10.1002\Slash{}9781405198073.wbierp0802
\bigskip
\textbf{theanarchistlibrary.org}
\end{center}
% end final page with colophon
\end{document}
% No format ID passed.