** Introduction

** I. Self-mutilation of a movement

*** 1.1 The ‘purges’

*** 1.2 Particularities of the Philippine ‘purges’

** II. The Communist movement in the Philippines 1930 – 1952

*** 2.1 Birth of the movement

*** 2.2 ‘Arise Philippines!’ — the anti-Japanese resistance

*** 2.3 From resistance to revolution?

** III. Peasant rebellions from the Huks to the CPP/NPA

** IV. A second cycle of the Communist movement

** V. The ideology of the CPP

*** 5.1 Maoism comes to the Philippines

*** 5.2 Violence and voluntarism in the Maoism of the Cultural Revolution era

*** 5.3 The Party is always right?

** VI. Instabilities in the party

*** 6.1 Fragile unity

*** 6.2 The party in Mindanao

** VII. Elements of an explanation for the ‘purges’

*** 7.1 Existing explanations

*** 7.2 Militarism: ‘All things grow out of the barrel of a gun’[148]

*** 7.3 Class-reductionism

*** 7.4 The assumption of treason

*** 7.5 Functional torture and ‘useless’ cruelty

*** 7.6 Desensitization to violence

*** 7.7 Organizational weakness and the role of the leadership

*** 7.8 Paranoia – a symptom of crisis

** Conclusion

** Epilogue

** Bibliography

*** Primary sources

*** Newspapers