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\title{Felipa Velázquez: An Anarchist Poet}
\date{April 19, 2024}
\author{Andrea Rodríguez Cabral}
\subtitle{}






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May 1st is celebrated nearly everywhere in the world as International Worker's Day. However, we don't always remember that the day was chosen because, in 1886, a group of anarchists held a strike in Chicago, USA., to demand better working conditions. The strike ended in tragedy just three days later, which what was the origin of the Chicago Martyrs. May 1st is, then, a holiday of anarchist origins.


That said, it is amazing that a teacher, Mexican poet, and an anarchist, was born that same day, only four years earlier. Felipa Velázquez Ozuna (sometimes written "Osuna") was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, the daughter of Modesto Velázquez and Manuela Ozuna, both of them peasants. She married Canuto Arellano in 1905 with whom she had eight children: Trinidad, Manuela, Ana María, Francisca, Felipe, Miguel, Soledad, and Narciso. Unfortunately, she became a widow in 1924 and saw herself forced to be in charge of the family. She decided to move to Mexicali where, in the words of the historian Gabriel Trujillo, "a particular trait of her sensibilities became manifest: her interest in poetry and theater."


In Mexicali, Felipa joined a peasant organization that sought to defend the land from businesses such as The Colorado River Company. Hence, on May 1930, she was detained and sent to prison in the Islas Marías with her eight kids, where she was sentenced to for seven months. When she was freed, she returned to Mazatlán, where she passed away in 1949 from a stroke at the age of 67.

\section{Felipa's Poetic Work}


Thanks to the efforts of Rubén Trejo and his anthology, \emph{Las magonistas}, I've been able to access four poems written by Felipa, as well as four more works in different styles. The first poem, titled "Towards the Fight",\footnote{\emph{Hacia la lucha.}} was published in the anarchist-leaning paper, \emph{Sagitario}, in December 1926. Within this poem, Felipa explains her reasons for joining the proletarian struggle with determination and zeal,



\begin{quote}


"I abhor evil,\forcelinebreak 
Curse tyranny,\forcelinebreak 
Love fraternity,\forcelinebreak 
Despise the bourgeoisie."\forcelinebreak 



\end{quote}


"Towards the Fight" is a poem that deems 1920s Mexican society as one based on exploitation, where the bourgeoisie exploits the workers for their own benefit. Although it was believed by then that, when the Constitutionalist Revolution triumphed, the conditions of all the Mexican people had improved, Felipa's poem shows us that this was not so. Later she writes the following,



\begin{quote}


"But as it is my duty\forcelinebreak 
To keep enlightening you,\forcelinebreak 
Although mine is a woman's voice,\forcelinebreak 
 I keep on preaching the idea.\forcelinebreak 
Because this occasion lacks\forcelinebreak 
Shaking the use,\forcelinebreak 
That we make in voting\forcelinebreak 
When we choose a hangman."



\end{quote}


With this, the Sinaloa poet tells us the little confidence she has in the electoral system, a system that, moreover, she could not participate in because she was a woman. And it is curious, likewise, how she herself stresses her own condition of woman, but as a woman who fights and who seeks to inspire other people so that they struggle too.


"For You, Woman!",\footnote{\emph{¡A ti mujer!}} published in the newspaper \emph{¡Avante!} on November 1928, follows the theme of woman's role in the struggle for liberty and leaves the author's anarchist position clear,



\begin{quote}


"Fight, then, for your emancipation;\forcelinebreak 
Be brave, woman, be not stunned,\forcelinebreak 
For your rights as woman\forcelinebreak 
You are free as man.\forcelinebreak 
And defend your duty as well,\forcelinebreak 
Bring your son, your husband, your brother,\forcelinebreak 
To embrace them in fraternal clasp;\forcelinebreak 
And joined in sweet harmony,\forcelinebreak 
We shall form an eternal rope,\forcelinebreak 
Where we all hold hands\forcelinebreak 
Let us walk towards anarchy."



\end{quote}

\section{Why Remember Felipa?}


We woman have been erased and hidden from history, science, art. Our presence has been blurred, but we have managed to find and rescue ourselves to reconstruct our history. Felipa Velázquez was one such woman who dedicated her life to fight to social justice and woman's rights. Felipa's poems were rebellious, filled with love for humanity and combative fire, capable of inspiring us almost a hundred years later,



\begin{quote}


"Rebel!, dear people,\forcelinebreak 
Abolish tyranny\forcelinebreak 
Know I'm by your side,\forcelinebreak 
That your sorrow are my own."



\end{quote}


Felipa's work reminds us that the fight is not just with guns and rifles, but also with our words. Poetry, like any artistic expression, can be just a powerful a weapon.


I wrote this text so that, with any luck, we could remember not just the origins of the holiday this May Day, but also remember a \emph{sinaloense} anarchist poet who dared fight with her hands, body, and words.

\section{Poems}

\subsection[{Hacia la lucha}]{Hacia la lucha\footnote{"Sagitario", N°30, II Epoca, December 13, 1926. https:\Slash{}\Slash{}www.libradorivera.com\Slash{}Periodicos\Slash{}Librado\%20Rivera\Slash{}Sagitario\Slash{}1926\Slash{}Sagitario\%2030\%20Epoca\%20II\%201926.pdf}}



\begin{quote}


Voy por el mundo gritando\forcelinebreak 
Y al pueblo mi voz elevo\forcelinebreak 
Y sólo voy predicando\forcelinebreak 
La idea que en mi mente llevo.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Siento el deseo más ardiente\forcelinebreak 
De salvar la humanidad\forcelinebreak 
Y con ánimo ferviente\forcelinebreak 
Trabajo por la igualdad.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Yo aborrezco la maldad,\forcelinebreak 
maldigo la tiranía,\forcelinebreak 
Amo la fraternidad,\forcelinebreak 
Desprecio a la burguesía.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Aprecio a los productores\forcelinebreak 
Con sincera estimasión,\forcelinebreak 
Por que son los redentores\forcelinebreak 
Que sustentan la nación.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Aborrezco a aquel bribón\forcelinebreak 
De clase parasitaria,\forcelinebreak 
Que medra a la explotación\forcelinebreak 
De la clase proletaria.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Por éso yo voy gritando\forcelinebreak 
Con una antorcha encendida,\forcelinebreak 
Al dormido despertando\forcelinebreak 
E iluminando su vida.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Ya el obrero poco a poco\forcelinebreak 
Se irá poniendo en acción,\forcelinebreak 
Para apagar ese foco\forcelinebreak 
Que se llama explotación\forcelinebreak .
\forcelinebreak 
El hombre desea ser libre\forcelinebreak 
Por que libre debe ser,\forcelinebreak 
Y sabe que es imposible\forcelinebreak 
De esclavo permanecer.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Pero como es mi deber\forcelinebreak 
Seguirles iluminando,\forcelinebreak 
Aunque es mi voz de mujer\forcelinebreak ,
Sigo la idea predicando.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Porque falta ésta ocasión\forcelinebreak 
Sacudirnos ese yugo\forcelinebreak 
Que hacemos por votación\forcelinebreak 
Cuando elegimos verdugo.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Pues debemos en conciencia\forcelinebreak 
Subsanar tan gran error,\forcelinebreak 
Pues nos dice la experiencia\forcelinebreak 
Que humillarnos es lo peor.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Por que el hombre es sólo hombre,\forcelinebreak 
Y ninguno a otro es mejor,\forcelinebreak 
Y por eso no le asombre\forcelinebreak 
Poder vivir sin pastor.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Porque el hombre no es borrego\forcelinebreak 
Ni es reptil para arrastrarse,\forcelinebreak 
Ni inclina su frente al ruego;\forcelinebreak 
Soló quiere emanciparse.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Mas quitando tal error,\forcelinebreak 
Que no es difícil borrar,\forcelinebreak 
Yo gritaré con fervor\forcelinebreak 
Que no vuelvan a votar.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Por que en todas ocasiones\forcelinebreak 
El que a nuestros hombros llega\forcelinebreak 
Nos da, en vez de pan, prisiones\forcelinebreak 
Yl al patíbulo nos lleva.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Y como madre que soy\forcelinebreak 
Y hermana de aquel servil,\forcelinebreak 
Por éso invitando voy\forcelinebreak 
A destruir todo lo vil.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
¡Y grito a la humanidad!:\forcelinebreak 
Si ser felices queremos,\forcelinebreak 
Reclamemos la igualdad\forcelinebreak 
Que por derecho tenemos.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Obra del trabajador\forcelinebreak 
Será la emancipación,\forcelinebreak 
Sin esperar que un Creador\forcelinebreak 
Nos mande su bendición.



\end{quote}

\subsection{Towards the Fight}



\begin{quote}


I go through the world yelling\forcelinebreak 
And to the people raise my voice high\forcelinebreak 
And I am just expounding\forcelinebreak 
The idea I carry in my mind.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
I feel the desire most ardent\forcelinebreak 
To save humanity\forcelinebreak 
And with spirit fervent\forcelinebreak 
I labor for equality.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
I abhor villainy,\forcelinebreak 
Curse tyranny,\forcelinebreak 
Love fraternity,\forcelinebreak 
Despise the bourgeoisie.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
I cherish the producers\forcelinebreak 
With sincere esteem,\forcelinebreak 
Because they are the deliverers\forcelinebreak 
That nourish the nation.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
I abhor that scoundrel\forcelinebreak 
Of the class of parasite,\forcelinebreak 
Who nurtures the exploitation\forcelinebreak 
Of the class proletariat.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
That is why I go around yelling\forcelinebreak 
With a torch ablaze\forcelinebreak 
The slumbering I awake\forcelinebreak 
And their life illuminate.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
The worker now, bit by bit,\forcelinebreak 
Will set into action,\forcelinebreak 
To extinguish that light lit\forcelinebreak 
Called "Exploitation".\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Man desires to be free\forcelinebreak 
Because free he should be,\forcelinebreak 
And he knows it's impossibility\forcelinebreak 
To remain under slavery.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
But my duty it is then\forcelinebreak 
To keep illuminating them,\forcelinebreak 
Although mine is a woman's voice\forcelinebreak 
I keep on preaching the dream.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Because what lacks in this occasion\forcelinebreak 
Shaking off those chains of oppression,\forcelinebreak 
That we by voting make\forcelinebreak 
When we a hangman elect.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
For we consciously must\forcelinebreak 
Correct such grave a transgression,\forcelinebreak 
For experience tells us\forcelinebreak 
Nothing's worse than humiliation.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
For man is merely man\forcelinebreak 
And none better than the another\forcelinebreak 
And in awe do not stand\forcelinebreak 
At living without a priestly father.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Because man is not sheep\forcelinebreak 
Nor a reptile to slither,\forcelinebreak 
Nor bows his head in worship;\forcelinebreak 
He simply wishes to see himself freer.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
For removing said blunder,\forcelinebreak 
Which is not hard to eradicate,\forcelinebreak 
I will shout with fervor\forcelinebreak 
That they should not again vote to elect.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Because at all opportunities\forcelinebreak 
He who rests on our shoulders\forcelinebreak 
Gives us, not bread, but penitentiaries\forcelinebreak 
And to the scaffold takes us.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
And like the mother I am\forcelinebreak 
And a sister to that slave,\forcelinebreak 
That's why I go on welcoming\forcelinebreak 
The destruction of everything depraved.\forcelinebreak 


And I yell to humanity:\forcelinebreak 
"If happy we wish to be,\forcelinebreak 
Let us demand equality\forcelinebreak 
That by right have we.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
The task of the worker\forcelinebreak 
Will be emancipation,\forcelinebreak 
Waiting not for a Creator\forcelinebreak 
to grant us His benediction."



\end{quote}

\subsection[{¡Rebélate, pueblo amado!}]{¡Rebélate, pueblo amado!\footnote{"¡Avante!", N°8, II Epoca, June 15, 1928. https:\Slash{}\Slash{}www.libradorivera.com\Slash{}Periodicos\Slash{}Librado\%20Rivera\Slash{}Avante\Slash{}1928\Slash{}Avante\%208\%20Epoca\%20II\%201928.pdf}}



\begin{quote}


Despierta, pueblo, despierta,\forcelinebreak 
de ese sueño tan profundo,\forcelinebreak 
que la lucha ya está abierta\forcelinebreak 
al enemigo del mundo\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Ese burgués insolente\forcelinebreak 
que no tiene corazón,\forcelinebreak 
goza viéndote obediente\forcelinebreak 
a tan cruel explotación;\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Y aunque tu energía se agote\forcelinebreak 
por mala alimentación,\forcelinebreak 
sin pisca de compasión\forcelinebreak 
él te esclaviza y te explota.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Porque sólo has recibido\forcelinebreak 
un salario reducido,\forcelinebreak 
que no cubre la mitad\forcelinebreak 
de tu gran necesidad.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Tú produces a porfía,\forcelinebreak 
tu sudor baña la tierra,\forcelinebreak 
pero él, lo gasta en un día,\forcelinebreak 
después te lleva a la guerra.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Te da un torcido camino\forcelinebreak 
despreciando el verdadero,\forcelinebreak 
te hace creer que es tu destino\forcelinebreak 
llevándote al matadero.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Pueblo: no dobles las manos\forcelinebreak 
deja ya esa humillación,\forcelinebreak 
porque jamás los tiranos\forcelinebreak 
te verán con compasión.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Rompe esas duras cadenas\forcelinebreak 
que te tienen maniatado,\forcelinebreak 
alíviate ya las penas,\forcelinebreak 
y castiga a ese malvado;\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
A ese león entronizado,\forcelinebreak 
que ha sido tu gran verdugo\forcelinebreak 
que siempre te ha encarcelado\forcelinebreak 
y pone en tu nuca el yugo.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Deja de ser obediente\forcelinebreak 
a los lacayos bribones;\forcelinebreak 
¡rebélate!, eres valiente,\forcelinebreak 
no respetes ya galones.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Oye, pues, lo que te digo:\forcelinebreak 
ya no elijas Redentores\forcelinebreak 
que sólo dan sinsabores\forcelinebreak 
y se divierten contigo.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Levanta altiva la frente,\forcelinebreak 
y el pendón rojo en tu mano;\forcelinebreak 
yérguete altivo y valiente,\forcelinebreak 
que eres libre y soberano.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Ya no es tiempo de sufrir\forcelinebreak 
sino el de la Libertad:\forcelinebreak 
o dejamos de vivir,\forcelinebreak 
o vivir en la Igualdad.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Rebelémos, hermanos,\forcelinebreak 
basta de tanto sufrir:\forcelinebreak 
o morir como gusanos,\forcelinebreak 
o como humanos vivir.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Sin miedo a la tempestad\forcelinebreak 
ni a los cardos del camino,\forcelinebreak 
llegaremos al destino\forcelinebreak 
que es sólo fraternidad.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
¡Rebélate!, pueblo amado,\forcelinebreak 
a abolir las tiranías:\forcelinebreak 
sabes que estoy a tu lado,\forcelinebreak 
que tus penas son las mías.



\end{quote}

\subsection{Rebel, Dear People!}



\begin{quote}


Wake, people, wake,\forcelinebreak 
from this sleep profound\forcelinebreak 
that it is now the time to fight break\forcelinebreak 
against the enemy of the world around\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
That insolent bourgeois\forcelinebreak 
who has no soul,\forcelinebreak 
He enjoys watching you oblige\forcelinebreak 
to such cruel exploitation;\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
And although your energy withers\forcelinebreak 
due to malnutrition,\forcelinebreak 
without a shred of compassion\forcelinebreak 
he enslaves and exploits you.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Because you have received\forcelinebreak 
a smaller salary,\forcelinebreak 
that does not cover even partially\forcelinebreak 
a single great need.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
You produce obstinately,\forcelinebreak 
Your sweat the planet drenches.\forcelinebreak 
But he spends it immediately\forcelinebreak 
and later sends you to the trenches.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
He gives you a twisted journey,\forcelinebreak 
the real one neglected,\forcelinebreak 
to make you believe that your destiny\forcelinebreak 
is to be lead to death.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
People, don't fold your hands\forcelinebreak 
leave now this humiliation,\forcelinebreak 
because never have tyrants\forcelinebreak 
looked at you with affection.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Break that harsh captivity\forcelinebreak 
that keeps you chained,\forcelinebreak 
soothe yourself of these misery,\forcelinebreak 
and punish the depraved;\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
That lion enthroned,\forcelinebreak 
who has been your Great Garroter\forcelinebreak 
who always has you imprisoned\forcelinebreak 
and on your neck placed the iron collar.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Cease being manipulable\forcelinebreak 
to lackeys learned in tricky craft;\forcelinebreak 
Rebel! You are indomitable,\forcelinebreak 
respect no rank.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Heed, then, what to you I say:\forcelinebreak 
Elect no Redeemers\forcelinebreak 
who only make of you grievers\forcelinebreak 
and who with you, play.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Raise your head high,\forcelinebreak 
and your hand with the red ensign;\forcelinebreak 
Rise brave and tall,\forcelinebreak 
for you are free and sovereign.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
It no longer the time of Suffering\forcelinebreak 
But that of Liberty:\forcelinebreak 
Either we stop living,\forcelinebreak 
Or live in Equality.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Let us rebel, brothers,\forcelinebreak 
Enough with so much agony:\forcelinebreak 
Either we die like maggots,\forcelinebreak 
or live as humanity.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Dauntless before the gale\forcelinebreak 
or of brambles along the trail,\forcelinebreak 
We will reach destiny\forcelinebreak 
which is but fraternity.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Rebel!, dear people,\forcelinebreak 
Abolish tyranny:\forcelinebreak 
Know I'm by your side,\forcelinebreak 
That your sorrows are mine.\forcelinebreak 



\end{quote}

\subsection{¡A ti mujer!}



\begin{quote}


Tú, mujer, que sumisa perduras\forcelinebreak 
soportando las mil amarguras,\forcelinebreak 
siempre atenta a la voz de un pastor,\forcelinebreak 
y atrofiada a la vil tiranía.\forcelinebreak 
¿Qué no sientes agudo dolor\forcelinebreak 
y deseas rebelarte algún día?\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
¿Por qué sufres, mujer resignada\forcelinebreak 
la cadena que tanto te oprime,\forcelinebreak 
que de pies y de manos atada\forcelinebreak 
al yugo, tu libertad suprime?\forcelinebreak 
¿Por qué no te rebelas? ¡Dime!\forcelinebreak 
Si es que el hombre te humilla inconsciente\forcelinebreak 
¿por qué enturbia tus ojos el llanto?\forcelinebreak 
Alza altiva y serena tu frente\forcelinebreak 
y no llores, mujer, tu quebranto\forcelinebreak 
es tan sólo fatal torbellino.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Ven; no pierdas tu tiempo en el duelo,\forcelinebreak 
que a tu lado se encuentra el camino\forcelinebreak 
por do puedes hallar tu consuelo\dots{}\forcelinebreak 
Ven: que aquí te llaman tus hermanos;\forcelinebreak 
ven a unirte con tus compañeras; ve el\forcelinebreak 
ejemplo de aquellas, que ufanas,\forcelinebreak 
han luchado por ser libertarias,\forcelinebreak 
y han querido morir, las primeras\forcelinebreak 
como hijas nacidas de parias\dots{}\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Piensa que al ponerte en acción\forcelinebreak 
a romper la cadena opresora,\forcelinebreak 
dejarás esa horrible opresión\forcelinebreak 
en que vives, mujer, hasta ahora.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Lucha, pues, por tu emancipación;\forcelinebreak 
ser valiente, mujer, no te asombre,\forcelinebreak 
pues tus derechos como mujer\forcelinebreak 
eres libre también como el hombre.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Y defiende también tu deber,\forcelinebreak 
trae a tu hijo, a tu esposo, a tu hermano,\forcelinebreak 
a estrecharlos en fraterno abrazo;\forcelinebreak 
y unidos en dulce armonía,\forcelinebreak 
donde asidos todos de la mano\forcelinebreak 
caminemos hacia la anarquía.



\end{quote}

\subsection{To You, Woman!}



\begin{quote}


You, woman, who endures low,\forcelinebreak 
Bearing a thousandfold sorrow,\forcelinebreak 
Always heeding the priest speaking,\forcelinebreak 
And atrophied to vile tyranny.\forcelinebreak 
Do you not feel pain piercing\forcelinebreak 
And desire to rebel eventually?\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Why do you suffer, woman resigned,\forcelinebreak 
The chain that you're by so oppressed,\forcelinebreak 
That has you tied by the feet and hand\forcelinebreak 
To the yoke, your freedom repressed?\forcelinebreak 
Why do you not rebel? Tell me!\forcelinebreak 
If man humiliates you thoughtlessly,\forcelinebreak 
Why do your eyes cloud weeping?\forcelinebreak 
Raise your head high and serene\forcelinebreak 
And don't cry, woman, your grieving\forcelinebreak 
Is simply a lethal whirlwind.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Come, lose no time in the fray,\forcelinebreak 
For by your side is the path\forcelinebreak 
By which your pain allay\dots{}\forcelinebreak 
Come, your brothers beckon you here;\forcelinebreak 
Come join your \emph{compañeras}; see\forcelinebreak 
Their example, that you flaunt,\forcelinebreak 
They have fought to be anarchists,\forcelinebreak 
And have wished to die, the ones in front,\forcelinebreak 
As the daughters born of heretics\dots{}\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Mind setting about action\forcelinebreak 
To break the chain oppressive,\forcelinebreak 
You will leave that horrid oppression\forcelinebreak 
That you have lived, woman, til present.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
Fight, then, for your emancipation;\forcelinebreak 
Be brave, woman, be not reverential,\forcelinebreak 
For your rights as woman\forcelinebreak 
You are free as man.\forcelinebreak 
\forcelinebreak 
And defend well your duty,\forcelinebreak 
Bring your son, your husband, your brother,\forcelinebreak 
To embrace them in fraternal clasp;\forcelinebreak 
And joined in sweet harmony,\forcelinebreak 
Where, all holding hands,\forcelinebreak 
We walk towards anarchy.



\end{quote}

\subsection[{El Credo}]{El Credo\footnote{"¡Avante!", N°13, II Epoca, September 19, 1928. https:\Slash{}\Slash{}www.libradorivera.com\Slash{}Periodicos\Slash{}Librado\%20Rivera\Slash{}Avante\Slash{}1928\Slash{}Avante\%2013\%20Epoca\%20II\%201928.pdf}}


Creo en la naturaleza todopoderosa, creadora del Universo y de todo cuanto existe: montañas, valles, vegetaciones y ríos; creo en el estudio, único medio de salir de la ignorancia y la obscuridad; creo en la inteligencia de los sabios, y el desarrollo de la ciencia, única hija de la Anarquía, que fué concebida por obra del espíritu o cerebro de los soñadores, que fueron calumniados, perseguidos y sacrificados; padecieron bajo el poder de los esbirros, burgueses y obispos, descendieron hasta el abismo del más inmundo calabozo, y después subieron al patíbulo y se sentaron en la silla eléctrica con la sonrisa en los labios, satisfechos de decir verdad, y dentro de poco tiempo vendrán sus cenizas a juzgar a todos los malvados y dar a cada uno su merecido según sus obras.
Creo en el espíritu de los hombres fuertes que harán temblar a los tiranos; creo en la Santa madre Anarquía que no perdonará a los cobardes; creo en la comunión de los hartos y en la debilidad del estómago de los pobres.


Creo en la resurrección de los esclavos a una vida libre, y en la vida perdurable de eterna felicidad, y la emancipación humana. Amén!


Felipa Velázquez.

\subsection{The Creed}


I believe in nature all-mighty, creator of the Universe and everything existing: mountains, valleys, plants and rivers; I believe in studying, the sole means of leaving ignorance and obscurity behind; I believe in the knowledge of the wise, and in the development of Science, Anarchy's only daughter, who was conceived by the act of the spirit or minds of dreamers, who were slandered, persecuted and sacrificed; they suffered under the power of henchmen, bourgeoisie and bishops, they descended into the most sordid dungeon, and later rose to the gallows and sat in the electric chair with a smile on their lips, satisfied with speaking the truth, and before long their ashes will come to judge every villain and give each their due according to their actions.
I believe in the spirit of strong men that will make tyrants tremble; I believe in our Holy Mother of Anarchy who doesn't forgive cowards; I believe in the communion of those fed up and in the weak stomach of the poor.


I believe in the resurrection of the slaves into a free life, and in ever-lasting life of eternal joy, and in human emancipation. Amen!


Felipa Velázquez.









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The Anarchist Library



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Andrea Rodríguez Cabral

Felipa Velázquez: An Anarchist Poet



April 19, 2024


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Retrieved on June 10, 2026 from https:\Slash{}\Slash{}www.patreon.com\Slash{}bloodfruit\Slash{}posts\Slash{}new-zine-felipa-156676363
   

       

       

       

       

       

       

   



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