*** Local revolutionary origins

*** The need to modernize

*** Origins of the republican movement

*** Republican ‘victory’

*** The New Culture Movement

*** The conditions of Chinese workers

*** Conditions for the peasants

*** The Russian revolution and the emergence of the CCP

*** The continued attraction of anarchism

*** The CCP — KMT alliance

*** The KMT turns on the CCP

*** The end of Leninist orthdoxy

*** The new alliance with the KMT

*** The failure of the KMT

*** CCP victory