* Introduction by Kevin Coogan

** “The Root Is Man” Then and Now

* THE ROOT IS MAN

**** The Plan and Purpose of This Essay

** PART 1: MARXISM IS OBSOLETE

*** 1. We Need a New Political Vocabulary

*** 2. The World We Live In

**** The World through Marxist Spectacles

**** The World as It Is

**** The Step that Wasn’t There

**** “Left” and “Right” in Two World Wars

*** 3. The Question of Marxism

**** The Ambiguity of Marxism

**** What Marx Wanted

**** How He Thought It Would Come About

**** How It Really Is Coming About

**** The Rock that Turned Out to Be Sand

*** 4. The Mirage of the Proletarian Revolution

**** Economic: the Unions

**** Political: the Parties

**** Our Own Experience in America

*** 5. Bureaucratic Collectivism: The “Third Alternative”

**** What Is Capitalism?

**** Commodities Lose Their Mystery

**** Labor’s Fetters Become Visible

**** The Nature of the Soviet Union

*** 6. Modern War and the Class Struggle

**** The Inadequacy of the Marxian View of War

**** Economic: “More Work, Better Pay”

**** Political: The Dominance of Foreign Policy

** PART 2: TOWARD A NEW RADICALISM

**** Definitions

*** 7. Scientific Method and Value Judgment

**** The Limitations of Scientific Method

**** Is a Scientifically-Grounded Ethics Possible?

**** On What, Then, CAN We Base Our Values?

**** What Is NOT Asserted about Science

*** 8. Marxism and Values — Three Texts with Comments

**** Text I

**** Text II

**** Text III

*** 9. The Idea of Progress

**** Ancestral Voices Prophesying Progress

**** The Metaphysics of Progress

**** The Atomic Bomb, or the End in Sight

**** A Digression on Marx and Homer

*** 10. Wanted: A New Concept of Political Action

*** 11. Five Characteristics of a Radical

**** 1. The Positiveness of Negativism

**** 2. The Realism of Unrealism

**** 3. The Beauties of Moderation

**** 4. Against the Fetishism of the Masses

**** 5. Self-ishness, or The Root Is Man

* Appendix

** APPENDIX A: ON THE PROLETARIAT AS A REVOLUTIONARY CLASS

** APPENDIX B: THE MAIN ENEMY IS IN MOSCOW

** APPENDIX C: THE BERLIN CRISIS

** APPENDIX D: HISTORICAL NOTE — BURNHAM AND THE CCF