*** Context

*** Anti-fascism and Peacebuilding

*** Divergent Tactics

*** “Liberal” Peacebuilding vs. “Radical” Antifa

*** European and U.S. antifa

*** Syria and my anti-fascism

*** Sources and Case Studies

*** How we Define Violence: Military vs. Diplomatic Solutions

*** Understanding the Other and Radical Empathy

*** Perpetuating Cycles of Revenge

*** Meeting Basic Human Needs

*** Formation of Group Identities: Chosen Glories and Chosen Traumas

*** The Need for Internal Conflict Transformation

*** CONCLUSION