*** Abstract

*** Introduction

*** Early Cape labor and the left in the literature

*** Context and background

*** Across the color line: the SDF, anarchism and mass organizing

*** The SDF, anarchism and proletarian counterculture

*** The rise of IWW-style syndicalism; the union upsurge

*** The IWA in Cape Town: rethinking the ICU

*** Syndicalist union activism, black, white and red

*** Conclusion: from syndicalism to the CPSA, and beyond

*** References