** ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

** Introduction

*** The variety of anarchisms: Defining critical philosophical anarchism within the current debate on anarchism

*** The main parts and underlying ideas of my argument

** 1. What the problem is

*** The problem of political obligation

**** The correlativity thesis

**** The two main aspects of the problem of political obligation

**** Quality-based and interaction-based evaluations of political institutions

*** The conditions of political obligation

**** The paradox of authority

**** Dissolving the paradox: Rousseau as a paradigm of state justification

**** Raz’s theory as an illustration

*** The argument for critical philosophical anarchism

**** An alternative to prominent positions on the state

**** Improving the way critical philosophical anarchists see their position: Simmons’s theory as an illustration

**** Conclusion

** 2. The limits of voluntarism

*** An anarchist criticism of voluntarist theories of political obligation

*** Actual consent

*** Tacit consent

*** Hypothetical consent

*** Raz on consent

*** Social contract theories

*** A defense of hypothetical contractualism

*** Dismissing the conceptual argument for political obligation

*** The implications of the anarchist criticism of consent

** 3. An anarchist critique of the Rawlsian idea of a natural duty of justice[274]

*** Rawls’s theory and the natural duty of justice

*** An anarchist criticism of the natural duty of justice

**** Against the justice of political institutions as a ground of political obligation

**** The argument arising from particularity

**** Rawls and particularity

*** Self-governance, equality, and the role of general moral principles

*** The implications of the anarchist criticism of natural duty

** 4. The failure of the principle of fairness as an account of political obligation[334]

*** The principle of fairness

*** “Triviality,” “success,” and “justice”

*** The anarchist criticism of the principle of fairness

**** “Receipt” versus “Acceptance”

**** Fairness, political obligation, and the idea of societies as “schemes of social cooperation”

*** The implications of the anarchist criticism of the principle of fairness

** 5. Horton revisited

*** Horton’s preliminary arguments for associative political obligations

*** About a non-voluntarist contract theory

*** On the communitarian approach

*** Against associative political obligations

*** Horton’s constructive account of associative political obligations and the anarchist challenge

*** The significance of membership argument

*** The Hobbesian, or value, argument

*** The associative argument

*** The anarchist challenge

*** The challenge from moral universalism

*** Concluding remarks: The value of Horton’s associative theory

** 6. Where friends of political institutions and anarchists are in the same boat

*** Negative and positive points resulting from the anarchist criticisms

**** The negative conclusions

**** The positive conclusions

**** The implications of the anarchist challenge for political thought and practice

*** The contribution of critical philosophical anarchism

**** The anarchist perspective

**** The significance of the question of obligation

**** Justification as an endless process

**** The anarchist ideal of legitimacy

*** Conclusion

** 7. Anarchism: Philosophical and political

*** The tasks of political anarchists

*** A critical philosophical anarchist critique of Bookchin’s anarchist political program

*** Bookchin revisited

*** A poststructuralist intervention

*** The Gordonian “Anarchy Alive!”

*** Anarchist approaches to concrete dilemmas

** Epilogue

*** Overview of the results of the study

*** Conclusion

** BIBLIOGRAPHY