** Introduction

** What is Anti-Fascism?

* Antifa

** One: ¡No Pasarán!: Anti-Fascism Through 1945

** Two: “Never Again”: the Development of Modern Antifa, 1945–2003

** Three: the Rise of “Pinstripe Nazis” and Anti-Fascism Today

** Four: Five Historical Lessons for Anti-Fascists

*** 1. Fascist Revolutions Have Never Succeeded. Fascists Gained Power Legally.

*** 2. To Varying Degrees, Many Interwar Anti-Fascist Leaders and Theorists Assumed That Fascism Was Simply a Variant of Traditional Counterrevolutionary Politics. They Did Not Take It Seriously Enough Until It Was Too Late.

*** 3. For Ideological and Orginizational Reasons, Socialist and Communist Leadership Was Often Slower to Accurately Assess the Threat of Fascism, and Slower to Advocate Militant Anti-Fascist Responses, Than Their Parties’ Rank-and-File Membership.

*** 4. Fascism Steals From Left Ideology, Strategy, Imagery, and Culture.

*** 5. It Doesn’t Take That Many Fascists to Make Fascism.

** Five: “So Much For the Tolerant left!”: “No Platform” and Free Speech

*** How Free is “Free Speech”?

*** Are Anti-Fascists Anti-Free Speech?

*** Do Anti-Fascists Agree That “No Platforming” Fascists, That is, Disrupting Their Public Organizing, Violates Their Freedom of Speech?

*** What About the “Slippery Slope”?

*** Mustn’t “Truth” be Confronted by “Error”?

*** Doesn’t “No Platforming” Fascists Erode Free Speech in a Way That Hurts the Left More Than the Right?

*** Shutting Down Nazis Makes You No Better Than a Nazi!

*** What About Anti-Fascist Principles in the University?

** Six: Strategy, (Non)Violence, and Everyday Anti-Fascism

*** Everyday Anti-Fascism

** Conclusion: Good Night White Pride (or Whiteness is Indefensible)

*** Acknowledgments

* Appendix

** Appendix A: Advice From the Anti-Fascists of the Past and Present to Those of the Future

*** Organizing Strategies

*** Intelligence

*** Security

*** Tactics

*** Internal Dynamics

** Appendix B: Select Works on North American and European Anti-Fascism

*** General

*** Canada

*** Czech Republic

*** France

*** Germany

*** Netherlands

*** Italy

*** Norway

*** Russia

*** Spain

*** Sweden

*** United Kingdom

*** United States

*** Online Resources

** About the Author