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<p>
  * Appendix: Anarchism and Marxism
 </p>

<p>
  **  Reply to errors and distortions in David McNally’s pamphlet “Socialism from Below”
 </p>

<p>
  *** 1. Introduction
 </p>

<p>
  *** 2. Is anarchism the politics of the “small property owner”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 3. Does anarchism “glorify values from the past”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 4. Why are McNally’s comments on Proudhon a distortion of his ideas?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 5. Why are McNally’s comments on Bakunin a distortion of his ideas?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 6. Are the “quirks of personality” of Proudhon and Bakunin listed by McNally actually rooted “in the very nature of anarchist doctrine”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 7. Are anarchists against democracy?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 8. Are Leninists in favour of democracy?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 9. Why is McNally wrong on the relation of syndicalism to anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 10. Do syndicalists reject working class political action?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 11. Why is McNally’s claim that Leninism supports working class self-emancipation wrong?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 12. Why is Marxist “class analysis” of anarchism contradictory?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 13. If Marxism is “socialism from below,” why do anarchists reject it?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 14. Why is McNally’s use of the term “socialism from below” dishonest?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 15. Did Trotsky keep alive Leninism’s “democratic essence”?
 </p>

<p>
  ** Marxists and Spanish Anarchism
 </p>

<p>
  *** 1. Were the Spanish Anarchists “Primitive Rebels”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 2. How accurate is Felix Morrow’s book on the Spanish Revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 3. Did a “highly centralised” FAI control the CNT?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 4. What is the history of the CNT and the Communist International?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 5. Why did the CNT not join the Workers’ Alliance?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 6. Was the October 1934 revolt sabotaged by the CNT?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 7. Were the Friends of Durruti Marxists?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 8. Did the Friends of Durruti “break with” anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 9. Were the Friends of Durruti influenced by Trotskyists?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 10. What does the Friends of Durruti’s programme tell us about Trotskyism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 11. Why is Morrow’s comments against the militarisation of the Militias ironic?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 12. What is ironic about Morrow’s vision of revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 13. Why do anarchists reject the Marxist “workers’ state”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 14. What is wrong with Morrow’s “fundamental tenet” of anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 15. Did Spanish Anarchism aim for the creation of “collectives” before the revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 16. How does the development of the collectives indicate the differences between Bolshevism and anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 17. Why is Morrow’s support for “proletarian methods of production” ironic?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 18. Were the federations of collectives an “abandonment” of anarchist ideas?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 19. Did the experience of the rural collectives refute anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 20. Does the experience of the Spanish Revolution indicate the failure of anarchism or the failure of anarchists?
 </p>

<p>
  ** Reply to errors and distortions in Phil Mitchinson’s Marxism and direct action
 </p>

<p>
  *** 1. How does Mitchinson impoverish the politics of the direct action groups?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 2. Does anarchism “juxtapose” theory and action?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 3. How does Mitchinson distort the London May Day demo?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 4. Do anarchists really think “the bosses will do nothing to defend their system”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 5. How does Mitchinson misrepresent anarchist organisation?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 6. How does Mitchinson define anarchism wrongly?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 7. Does anarchism reject fighting for reforms?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 8. Does anarchism see the state as the root of all problems?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 9. Why is Mitchinson wrong about the “Abolishion [i.e. Abolition] of the state”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 10. Why is Mitchinson’s comment that we face either “socialism or barbarism” actually undermine his case?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 11. Why is Mitchinson wrong to assert anarchists do not believe in defending a revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 12. Would the “workers’ state” really be different, as Mitchinson claims?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 13. Is the Marxist “worker’s state” really the rule of one class over another?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 14. Why do anarchists reject the Marxist notion of “conquest of power”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 15. What caused the degeneration of the Russian Revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 16. Did anarchists reject “the need for organisation in the shape of trade unions”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 17. Why do anarchists reject political activity?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 18. How do anarchists struggle for reforms under capitalism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 19. How does Mitchinson distorts the use of the term “Self-reliance”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 20. Is anarchism an example of “Philosophical idealism”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 21. How is Mitchinson’s critique self-contradictory?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 22. How did Trotsky make the trains run on time?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 23. Can centralised planning meet the needs of the whole of society?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 24. Is technology neutral?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 25. Do anarchists ignore the “strength of the working class”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 26. What does Mitchinson’s article tell about the nature of Trotskyism?
 </p>

<p>
  ** Reply to errors and distortions in the SWP’s “Marxism and Anarchism”
 </p>

<p>
  *** 1. What does the anti-globalisation movement tell us about the effectiveness of the “vanguard” parties like the SWP?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 2. What does the SWP miss out in its definition of anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 3. Why does mentioning the history of anarchism weaken the SWP’s argument?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 4. How is the SWP wrong about centralisation?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 5. Why does the SWP’s “picket line is ‘authoritarian’” argument totally miss the point?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 6. Why are the SWP’s examples of “state functions” wrong?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 7. What is ironic about the SWP’s comment that workers’ councils must “break up” the capitalist state?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 8. How do the SWP re-write the history of the Russian Revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 9. How do the SWP re-write the history of the Spanish Revolution?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 10. Do anarchists ignore the fact that ideas change through struggle?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 11. Why do anarchists oppose the Leninist “revolutionary party”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 12. Why do the SWP make a polemical fetish of “unity” and “democracy” to the expense of common sense and freedom?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 13. How does the Battle of Prague expose the SWP as hypocrites?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 14. Is the Leninist tradition actually as democratic as the SWP like to claim?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 15. Why is the SWP’s support for centralisation anti-socialist?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 16. Why is the SWP wrong about the A16 Washington D.C. demo?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 17. Why does the SWP’s Washington example refute the SWP’s own argument and not anarchism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 18. Why is a “revolutionary party” a contradiction in terms?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 19. Do anarchists operate “in secret”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 20. Why is the SWP wrong about Bakunin’s organisation?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 21. Why is the SWP’s attack on Bakunin’s organisation ironic?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 22. Was the F.A.I. a “centralised and secret” organisation that shunned “open debate and common struggle”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 23. Do anarchists wait for “spontaneous upsurges by workers”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 24. Do anarchists blame workers “for being insufficiently revolutionary”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 25. Why does the history of centralised parties refute the SWP’s arguments?
 </p>

<p>
  ** Reply to errors and distortions in John Fisher’s “Why we must further Marxism and not Anarchism”
 </p>

<p>
  *** 1. Why should “the so-called Anarchistic youth of today” be concerned that Trotskyists consider them allies?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 2. What else do people learn about when they discover anarchism is not “utter rebellion”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 3. What do anarchists think will “replace the smashed state machine”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 4. What did Trotsky and Lenin think must replace the bourgeois state?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 5. Is the “proletarian ‘state’” really a new kind of state?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 6. Do anarchists “hope the capitalists do not make any attempts of counterrevolution”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 7. Are Anarchists simply “potential Marxists”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 8. Is Marxism scientific?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 9. What does the Russian Revolution tell us about Trotskyism?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 10. Do anarchists reject “leadership”?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 11. Does the Spanish Revolution show anarchism is flawed?
 </p>

<p>
  *** 12. Does anarchism believe in spontaneous revolution?
 </p>


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